中国田横祭海节正确打开方式 应该知道这些民俗
中国山东网青岛3月18日讯(记者 杨广科 通讯员 陈培芬) 田横岛省级旅游度假区因秦末汉初田横及五百义士而命名,中国是田横青岛东部沿海一个沉淀着2000多年历史文化的海洋民俗文化旅游胜地。生活在田横的祭海节正渔民祖祖辈辈以渔为生,由于生产作业能力有限,确打海难事件时有发生,开方渔民们便将对平安和丰收的式应俗希望寄托于对海神的虔诚祈拜。起初,该知祭海活动形式简单,道民没有固定日期,中国多是田横各家各户在修船、添置渔具等生产准备工作就绪后,祭海节正选定当地人传说中东海龙王或妈祖娘娘的确打生日,或选个黄道吉日将渔网抬上船,开方便开始祭海,式应俗俗称“上网”。该知每当此时,渔民们穿上新衣,把自家修葺一新的船只插满彩旗,一路鞭炮锣鼓地送入海水中停泊。送船下海时,为求得龙王保佑,也有向海中抛洒食物的习俗。祭海当天,渔民还要摆放大肥猪、香饽饽、红公鸡、大鲈鱼等各种祭品,焚烧太平文书,磕头虔诚朝拜,祭海的第二天便正式出海。大约在100多年前,田横祭海活动初成规模,形成以家族或船组为单位的集体送船祭海活动。如今,随着出海船只的减少,沿海养殖的增多,祭海活动的参与者从最初的船老大变成了今天的养参、育苗专业户。
祭海首要的是蒸面塑。提前四五天,渔家媳妇们便忙碌着走东家、跑西家商议新的面塑式样,面塑大小不一,造型各异,“龙凤呈祥、八仙过海、百花齐放、海底世界”等造型栩栩如生。盘龙面塑,俗称神虫、升虫(取神升之意),其有头眼身尾,选型生动,五彩涂绘,神采奕奕。如今,媳妇们都忙活着打工赚钱,专门的馒头店承担起了蒸面塑的重任。
再是选三牲:猪、鸡、鱼。猪以黑毛公猪为佳,越大越好,宰杀后刮毛,只留猪脖上的一撮黑毛,代表是带毛的全猪,并用红绸布打结成大红花披挂在猪头和猪脖子上。猪杀后,将皮下充气,然后绑在一张四腿红漆矮木桌上,呈昂首站立的姿势,后背上披上网状油脂膜,象征着一网下去捞上个如公猪大小的鱼。鸡要选个头大的红公鸡,鱼要用大个儿的鲜鲈鱼。
整饰龙王庙:祭海前几天,由各船长推举专门人员,将龙王庙四周清洁整饰一新,挂上大红灯笼,各家各户在影壁上贴满红彤彤的对联。龙王庙前的海滩上要由老艺人扎起松柏门,挂满彩灯,松门上悬挂匾额,两边是二龙戏珠和鱼跃龙门等图案的竖阁,配有大红对联,显得壮观气派;海滩边还要临时搭起戏台。
列船:祭祀前一天,渔民要把渔船上整理得井井有条,然后贴上大红对联:“多福多财多光彩,好年好景好丰收”、“风调雨顺、满载而归”、“力合鱼满舱,心齐风浪平”。船上主桅杆贴上“大将军八面威风”,二桅干“二将军威风凛凛,后桅杆“三将军顺风相送”,船头贴“船头无浪行千里”,船尾“船后生风万里行”。渔船要统一停泊到村前海湾,“一”字排列,船尾朝岸,船头朝向大海,抛锚定位。
摆供:举行祭祀仪式这一天,日出之前渔民开始在龙王庙前的海滩上摆供。桌面上铺垫吉庆红布,摆有三牲、面塑、鲈鱼、酒、花生等。每组供桌前要架立一束用竹竿绑扎成的有数支四五米高的“站缨”(海中下网的一种标志)。将准备焚烧的黄裱纸、香炉摆好,几支万响的大鞭炮绕在竹竿上,“一”字排开,等候良辰吉时。
祭奠:祭海的时辰在过去是越早越好,有占先发财的说法。时辰一到,鞭炮齐鸣,锣鼓震天,人声鼎沸,人们开始焚香烧纸、磕头朝拜,渔民也崇信谁的鞭炮声势大,持续时间长,谁的船这一年就兴旺发财。
唱戏:当地人认为京戏庄重气派,每年都要从大老远请戏班子,唱上好几场。秧歌、龙灯、旱船、腰鼓等民俗表演,场面热闹,渔民一年的劳作疲惫好像也随之散失。
聚餐:祭海仪式结束后,过去都是渔民在船上聚餐,并欢迎行人来船上吃鱼吃肉喝酒,来的人越多,表明来祝福的人越多。现在是在家里设宴,款待前来参加祭海仪式的亲朋好友,祭祀时用的三牲、酒、面馍成为聚餐的主要食品。
(责任编辑:关于我们)
- 11 Places to See Tiny Trains
- How to take a screenshot on iPhone
- 石棉县人民检察院开展警示教育 服务生态文明建设
- Amazon is using credit card tactics to hook college students on Prime
- 18 Places for Epic Outdoor Adventure Across Colorado
- 17 Spectacular Outdoor Staircases
- Hillary Clinton’s emails: She reportedly wrote at least six that contained since
- 海南恩威药业 在汉源试种川贝
- 培育产业能手!广东首批甘薯产业技术带头人出炉
- US to oppose North Korean worker dispatch to occupied Ukrainian territory: State Dept.
- Hillary Clinton’s emails: She reportedly wrote at least six that contained since
- How to turn off your PS5
- Hillary Clinton’s emails: She reportedly wrote at least six that contained since
-
AirPods Pro 3 and AirPods 4 may get revealed at the Apple September event
Apple just confirmedits annual big event, where the company releases its brand new iPhones, for Sept ...[详细] -
Walter Palmer's dental practice resumes: Minnesota "Cecil" hunter back to work.
The Bloomington, Minnesota dentist who has laid low since killing a well-known lion in Zimbabwe retu ...[详细] -
雅安日报讯灾后重建时不我待,重建机遇失不再来。面对北外环线工程中前所未有的搬迁体量,面对短短数月内确保该项灾后重建重大民生工程全面开工的需要,不少此前从未从事过集体土地搬迁工作的党员干部,在兼顾本职工 ...[详细]
-
That debate in brief: Trump ducks, dodges and threatens America
Calling what happened in St. Louis on Sunday night a "presidential debate" is like calling most Twit ...[详细] -
Best smart home deal: The Amazon Smart Thermostat is just $63.99
SAVE 20%: The Amazon Smart Thermostat is on sale for $63.99 at Amazon, down from the normal price of ...[详细] -
雅安日报讯近日,海南恩威药业有限公司来到汉源县皇木林场团宝山,对皇木林场团宝山作业区土壤、生态气候、野生中药材资源进行了调查分析后,认为团宝山高山灌丛林下的暗棕壤适宜川贝生长,拟在此试种1000株约0 ...[详细]
-
New 'Fortnite' 50 v. 50 mode leads to huge collaborative battles
Fortnite Battle Royale has a new 50 v 50 mode and it's absolutely insane.The new mode that launched ...[详细] -
Kim Sung-nam, director of North Korea's Worker's Party international affairs department, wears a bad ...[详细]
-
18 Places for Epic Outdoor Adventure Across Colorado
The Centennial State is an outdoorsy dream, with hiking, mountain-biking, skiing, kayaking, birding ...[详细] -
PS5 Pro: This new feature is why it’ll be better than the OG PS5
Sony is gearing up for the launch of the PlayStation 5 Pro and encouraging developers to optimize th ...[详细]
- Best smart home deal: The Amazon Smart Thermostat is just $63.99
- Hillary Clinton’s emails: She reportedly wrote at least six that contained since
- 悲伤的开头 温馨的结尾
- 'Avengers: Infinity War' heroes join the Marvel Build
- I Deleted All My Social Accounts: Three Weeks Without Social Media
- Donald Trump's military prep school: GOP front
- Regular guy Donald Trump calls himself a 'blue